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Our Fundamental References

A BODY OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE 

oSLO is a agent that has been shown to impact keratinocytes, neural progenitor cells, and macrophages.  Furthermore, we know from our work (and that of others) that we reduce gliosis associated with TBI.  We have highlighted the most relevant scientific works, papers, and experiments that support our hypothesis that oSLO impacts chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.  

  • Tomic-Canic M, Mamber SW, Stojadinovic O, Lee B, Radoja N, McMichael J. Streptolysin O enhances keratinocyte migration and proliferation and promotes skin organ culture wound healing in vitro. Wound Repair Regen. 2007 Jan-Feb;15(1):71-9.
  • Gurel V, Lambert K, Page AE, Loynachan AT, Huges K, Timoney JF, Fettinger M, Horohov DW, McMichael J.  Streptolysin-O/antibiotics adjunct therapy modulates site-specific expression of  extracellular matrix and inflammatory genes in lungs of Rhodococcus equi infected foals. Vet Res Commun. 2013 Jun;37(2):145-54.
  • Mamber SW, Gurel V, Rhodes RG, McMichael J., Effects of streptolysin O on extracellular matrix gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes.  Dose Response. 2011;9(4):554-78.
  • Cregg JM, DePaul MA, Filous AR, Lang BT, Tran A, Silver J. Functional regeneration beyond the glial scar. Exp Neurol. 2014 Mar;253:197-207
  • Halpern, PN, Rahman S.  Studies on the cardiotoxicity of streptolysin O  Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1968 Mar;32(3):441-52
  • Halbert SP, Bircher R, Dahle E. The analysis of streptococcal infections. V. Cardiotoxicity of streptolysin O for rabbits in vivo  J Exp Med. 1961 Apr 1;113(4):759-784.
  • Mamber S, et al  The use of streptolysin o for the treatment of scars, adhesions and fibrosis: initial investigations using murine models of scleroderma Nonlinearity Bio ToxicolMed. 2004 Apr:2(2):67-87
  • Mamber S. et al  Effects of streptolysin o on extracellular matrix gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes Dose Response 2011:9(4):554-788
  • Menon DK, Maas AI. Traumatic brain injury in 2014: Progress, failures and new approaches for tbi research, Nature Reviews Neurology. 2015;11:71–72.
  • Rolls A, Shechter R, Schwartz M. The bright side of the glial scar in CNS repair. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009; 10:235–241.
  • Skolnick BE, et al. A clinical trial of progesterone for severe traumatic brain injury, N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 25;371(26):2467-76
  • Stein D Embracing failure: What the Phase III progesterone studies can teach about TBI clinical trials, Brain Inj.2015 Sep 19; 29(11):1259–1272
  • Teng-Chao H, et al.  Targeting integrated stress response regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization and attenuates neuroinflammation following surgical brain injury in rat  Cell Signal. 2021 Sep:85:110048.
  • Williams, CS, et al.  Baseline EEG abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury from the BIMA study,  Undersea Hyperb Med. 2016 Aug-Sept;43(5):521-530
  • Wilson, L. et al.  A Manual for the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Interview, Journal of Neurotrauma 38:2435-2446 (Sept 1, 2021)
  • Alouf JE, Streptococcal toxins (streptolysin O, streptolysin S, erythrogenic toxin). Pharmacol Ther. 1980;11(3): 661-717
  • Gill, D. Michael, Bacterial Toxins; a Table for Lethal Amounts. Microbiological reviews, Mar. 1982, p86-94. Vol 45, No. 1
  • Mamber SW, Gurel V, Rhodes RG, McMichael J. Effects of streptolysin o on extracellular matrix gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Dose Response. 2011;9(4):554-78. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.10-050.
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